Ryan Conlon's Blog

Two texts on the eight charnel grounds

As a first blog post I thought I would offer two transcriptions. Both are of texts describing the eight charnel grounds, a common feature of Buddhist yoginītantras and their associated texts.

The first text is transmitted in a multi-text manuscript now held at the SUB Göttingen. The manuscript is described in a soon-to-be-published dissertation by Daisy Cheung, who for this text identifies a Tibetan translation and an Italian translation (based on the Tibetan) by Tucci. Here are the bibliographic details for the Sanskrit witness and the Tibetan text as transmitted in the sDe dge bKa’ ‘gyur:

Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, Cod. ms. sansc. 257: fol. 5r1–5v4.

Tibetan translation: Tōh. 1216. Dur khrod brgyad kyi bshad pa zhes bya ba. rGyud, Ja: fols 323v6-325r1. Colophon: slob dpon rnal ‘byor pas mdzad pa’i dur khrod brgyad kyi bshad pa rdzogs so// //rgya gar gyi mkhan po buddha ka ra badzra dang/ bod kyi lo ts’a ba ‘gos kyis bsgyur ba’o/ /

The attribution in the Tibetan colophon to an Ācāryayogin appears to be ad hoc. I should also note that the paṇḍita, Buddhākaravajra, is otherwise unknown to me and does not appear (at least with this particular name) in any other Tibetan colophon. The ‘Gos mentioned as the translator is likely ‘Gos Lhas btsas.

The Sanskrit text does not provide an author’s name, nor is the title of the work very certain: I’ve taken to calling it just Aṣṭaśmaśānāni. Some passage near the end of the text as transmitted in the Sanskrit witnesses are not reflected in the Tibetan translation.

aṣṭau smasāni kathyante || pūrve caṇḍo nāma smasānaḥ | tatra harītakīvṛkṣe maharddhika<add position="above line">ḥ</add> caṇḍogro nāmaḥ hastimukhaḥ suklaḥ | vṛkṣādhasi dikpatir indraḥ pītavarṇṇaḥ savyetarabhujābhyāṃ vajratarjanīdharaḥ | śuklaairāvatārūḍhaḥ | nāgo tra vāsu<lb n="2"/>kiḥ pīyūṣavarṇṇaḥ | megho garjitākhyaḥ || 1 ||

uttare gahvaro nāma sma<del rend="rubbed out">ā</del>sānaḥ | tatra bodhivṛkṣe maharddhiko gahvaro nāma manuṣyamukhaḥ pītaḥ | vṛkṣādhasi dikpatiḥ kuberaḥ pītaḥ savyetarabhujābhyām abhayagadādharaḥ | nidhyārūḍhaḥ kharvvaḥ | nāgo tra takṣako raktaḥ | megho pūrṇṇatākhyaḥ || 2 ||

paścime jvālākulakaraṅko nāma smasānaḥ | tatrāsokavṛkṣe maharddhiko jvalākula<lb n="3"/>karaṅko nāmaḥ | makaramukho raktaḥ | vṛkṣādhasi dikpatir <unclear reason="may be corrected to vva">vvā</unclear>ruṇo nāgāsanaḥ <del rend="cancelled">|</del> suklaḥ | savyetarabhujābhyāṃ <cb n="1"/>tarjanīnāgapāśadharaḥ | nāgo tra karkkoṭakaḥ syāmaḥ | megho ghorākhyaḥ || 3 ||

dakṣiṇe vibhīṣaṇo nāma śmaśānaḥ | <cb n="2"/>tatra vibhītakīvṛkṣe vibhīṣaṇo nāma maharddhiko mahiṣamukhaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ | vṛkṣādhasi dikpatir yamaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ | <lb n="4"/>savyetarabhujābhyāṃ daṇḍapāśadharaḥ | mahiṣārūḍhaḥ | nāgo tra padmaḥ suklaḥ | megha āvarttākhyaḥ || 4 || <cb n="1"/>

agneyyāṃ lakṣmīvano nāma smasānaḥ | tatra karañjavṛkṣe maharddhiko lakṣmīvano nāma cchāgalamukho raktaḥ | vṛkṣādhasi di<cb n="2"/>kpati raktavarṇṇo vahniḥ savyetarabhujābhyāṃ akṣamālākamaṇḍaludharaḥ | cchāgāsanaḥ | nāgo tra mahāpa<lb n="5"/>dmo mṛṇāladhavalaḥ || megho ghanākhyaḥ || 5 ||

nairṛtyāṃ ghoro nāma smasānaḥ | tatra parkaṭivṛkṣe maharddhiko ghoro nāma manuṣyamukhaḥ | kṛṣṇavarṇṇaḥ | vṛkṣādhasi dikpati rākṣaso nairṛtiḥ kṛṣṇaḥ savyetarabhujābhyāṃ tarjanīmuṇḍadharaḥ savāsanaḥ | nāgo tra ananto nīlaḥ | megho tṛpurāṇākhyaḥ || 6 ||

vāyavyāṃ kilakilāravo nāma smasānaḥ | tatrājuna<unclear reason="partially damage">vṛ</unclear><lb n="6"/>kṣe maharddhikaḥ kilikilāravo nāma iti kāmukhaḥ dhūmravarṇṇaḥ | vṛkṣādhasi dikpatiḥ pavano mṛgārūḍhaḥ savyetarabhujābhyāṃ vātapaṭṭadharaḥ suklaḥ | nāgo tra kulikaḥ karbburaḥ | megho varṣākhyaḥ || 7 ||

aisānyāṃ aṭṭaṭṭahāso nāma smasānaḥ | tatra vaṭavṛkṣe maharddhike aṭaṭṭahāso nāma vṛṣabhamukhaḥ subhraḥ | vṛkṣādhasi dikpatir bhūteso dhūmradhūṣa<unclear reason="damage">ṃ| vṛṣa</unclear><pb n="5r"/>bhārūḍhaḥ | savyetarabhujābhyāṃ triśūlakapāladharaḥ | nāgo tra saṃkhyapā<add rend="over writing">la</add><add position="above line">ḥ</add> pītaḥ | meghaś caṇḍākhyaḥ || 8 ||

sarvve dikpatayo manuṣyamukhā dvibhujāḥ | nāgāḥ saptaphalāḥ | daṃṣṭrākarālamālinaḥ | icchārūpadhāriṇaḥ meghāś ca viśvavarṇṇā iti || <metamark rend="swirl" function="section break"/> ||

harir abhayāyāṃ bhūte <!-- bhūte is probably sic for cūte --> <unclear number="2" unit="akṣara" reason="unidentified akṣaras; look like space fillers or lacuna markers"/> niḥkaruṇaḥ <!-- name for yama? --> syāt | aśokato varuṇaḥ bodhisikhariṇi kuberaḥ sikhi kara<unclear reason="damage">ñje latā</unclear><lb n="2"/>parkaṭyāṃ rātrimaṭaḥ kakubhākhye pavano nyagrodhasthas tu bhūtesaḥ ||

caṇḍogro gahvaraś caiva jvālākula karaṅkakaḥ
vibhīṣaṇaś ca pūrvvādidikṣu vāme vyavasthitāḥ | <!-- Tib. yongs su bskor ba -->

aṭaṭṭahāsa aisānyāṃ lakṣmīvano hutāsane <!-- metri causa for hautāśane? --> |
ghorāndhakāro nairṛtyāṃ vāyavyāṃ kilikilāravaḥ |

imāny aṣṭa smasānāni vajrapañjaramadhyataḥ |
dhyātavyāni prayatnena | srīmadhevajrayogibhiḥ || <metamark rend="swirl" function="section break"/> ||

si<lb n="3"/>rīśāśvatthakaṅkeli<del rend="cancelled">cū</del>bhūtavṛkṣāś ca pūrvvataḥ |
vaṭakarañjakaś caiva latāparkaṭipārthivaḥ |

indro dhanada<cb n="1"/>ś caiva nāgendro 'tha yamādhipaḥ |
isāno 'tha hutāsaś ca rākṣasendro 'nilādhipaḥ |

vāsukis takṣakaś caiva karkko<cb n="2"/>ṭaḥ padma eva ca |
mahāpadmo huluhulu kulikaḥ saṃkhapālaḥ ||

garjito ghurṇṇito ghora āvartto ghana <lb n="3"/>eva ca <add>|</add>
nūpuraṇās tathā varṣaś caṇḍo meghādhipā ime || <metamark rend="swirl" function="section break"/> ||

vṛkṣādidikapālanāgendrameghendrāḥ <cb n="1"/>mecakaśuklasitipāṇḍuraktapītaharitaviśvavarṇṇāś cintanīyā meghāḥ || <metamark rend="swirl" function="section break"/> ||

The second text is edited in the following work by Louis Finot:

Louis Finot, “Manuscrits Sanskrits de Sādhana’s Retrouvés en Chine.” Journal Asiatique 225 (1934), pp. 1-86.

The text is callled the Śmaśānavidhi and is attributed to Lūyīpāda. There does not appear to be a Tibetan translation. I would be very interested in consulting the manuscript based on which Finot published the text, but I suspect that may be next to impossible at this point.

[ed. p. 49] namaḥ śrīvajraḍākāya

natvā pretāsanasthaṃ trinayanaṃ abhitovaktram āraktagātrīṃ
vārāhīṃ mūladorbhyāṃ sapadividalitaṃ nāganāthaṃ parābhyām |
śeṣaiḥ kaṭvāṅgapāśau narakam ajaśiro vāmadorbhiś caturbhiḥ
savyaiḥ karttritriśūlaparaśuḍamarukaṃ bibhrataṃ samvarākhyam || 1 ||

yathokaṃ śākyasiṃhena tantre tantre padaṃ padaṃ |
tasmād ākṛṣya saṃpūrṇṇaṃ grathitañ cātmane mayā || 2 ||

pūrvvaiśānyau mukhīkṛtya sarvvadikṣu vidikṣu ca |
vāmadakṣiṇato jñeyaṃ śmaśānaṃ yoginīmate || 3 ||

[ed. p. 50] prācyāṃ śmaśāne caṇḍogre śirīṣaḥ syād bṛhaddrumaḥ |
śakro 'py airāvatārūḍho gauro vajrī kapāladhṛk || 4 ||

vāsukir nāgarājo 'pi śveto nīlotpalāṅkadhṛk |
kṛtāñjalipuṭībhūya naman nāthāgrasaṃsthitaḥ || 5 ||

udīcyāṃ gahvaro 'śvatthaḥ kuvero naravāhanaḥ |
nakulam udgilad ratnaṃ dhatte gaurakaroṭakam || 6 ||

nāgeśaḥ takṣakas tatra bandhūkapuṣpasaṃnibhaḥ |
phaṇāyāṃ svastilakṣyo 'pi kṛtāñjaliśirā nataḥ || 7 ||

pratīcyāṃ pādapo 'śoko jvālākulakaraṅkako 
śvetaḥ saptaphaṭa pāśī makarasthaḥ kapāladhṛk || 8 ||

pannageśaś ca karkoṭo dūrvvāśyāmasamadyutiḥ |
rekhātrayaṃ gale dhatte nato mūrdhni kṛtāñjaliḥ || 9 ||

cūto vibhīṣaṇo 'pācyāṃ yamo pi mahiṣāruḍhaḥ |
kṛṣṇo raktekṣaṇaḥ pīno raudro daṇḍī kapāladhṛk || 10 ||

yācann ājñāñ ca śāstāraṃ padmanāmā phaṇīśvaraḥ |
kṛtāñjalipuṭaḥ śveto vaṅgabinduśiroṅkitaḥ || 11 ||

aṭaṭṭahāsa aiśānyāṃ nyagrodhaḥ syāt tarur mahān |
sitaḥ śūlī kapālīśo gostho vyāghrājināmbaraḥ || 12 ||

mahāpadmaphaṇīndro 'pi candrakāntisamaprabhaḥ |
phaṇāyāñ ca triśūlāṅko vinyastāñjalimastakaḥ || 13 ||

lakṣmyā vane karañjo 'gniḥ kharvo 'stho 'gnikoṇake |
rakto 'sṛṅmuṇḍakapālī sākṣasūtrakamaṇḍaluḥ || 14 ||

śikhikaṇṭhanibho 'nanto mastake padmalāñchanaḥ |
murddhāñjalipuṭībhūya naman nāthāṅghrisaṃsthitaḥ || 15 ||

nirṛtyāṃ nirṛtir nīlaḥ śavastho 'sikapāladhṛk |
nagno ghorāndhakārākhyo nṛkapālāvaliśirāḥ || 16 ||

phaṇāyām arddhacandrāṅko dhūmrāṅkāṅguliko 'hirāṭ |
kṛtāñjalipuṭo mūrddhni laṭājaṭyāṃ niṣīdati || 17 ||

vāyavyāṃ arjjunaḥ śākhī vāto dhūmro mṛgāsanaḥ |
pītadhvajaḥ kapālī ca kilakilārave sthitaḥ || 18 ||

śaṅkhaḥ kalaṅkito gauraḥ puṭāñjalimasaṣṭamaḥ |
aṣṭau te bhujagendrāś ca sthitālaṃkārabhūṣitāḥ || 19 ||

indrādayo 'ṣṭādikālāḥ sapatnikāḥ caturbhujāḥ |
[ed. p. 51] kṛtāñjalipuṭā dvābhyāṃ śeṣābhyāṃ cihnadhārakāḥ || 20 ||

ghanāś ca jayabhadrākhyāḥ śrīnando vṛṣṭisupriyaḥ |
drutaghoṣo 'pi caṇḍaḥ syād varṣaḥ purāṇacāpalau || 21 ||

aṣṭau te 'ṣṭaśmaśāneṣu sthitā meghā bhayānakāḥ |
vidyunnādān nikurvanto dhārāvarṣañ ca ke 'pi ca || 22 ||

svapikālyāsanāsyāś ca rākṣasāḥ krūrarūpiṇaḥ |
bhakṣayanto nṛṇāṃ māṃsaṃ sthitā vṛkṣeṣu naktagāḥ || 23 ||

eteṣām antavṛkṣāṇāṃ pārśve pārśve samantataḥ |
upavṛkṣāḥ sthitāramyā vaṅgapuṣpaphalānvitāḥ || 24 ||

śvaśṛgālarutaiḥ siṃhair vyāghracchāgalaśūkaraiḥ |
otveḍakavṛkaiḥ savyaiḥ kākolūkādipakṣibhiḥ || 25 ||

olambā śūlabhinnaiś ca kaṅkālārdhaśirosthibhiḥ |
citidandhārdhadandhaiś ca piśācaiḥ śavarādhakaiḥ || 26 ||

siddhair bbalipradair ddivyair yoginībhiś ca melakaiḥ |
karttrikapālakhaṭvāṅgaiḥ kṛpīṭair bhojyasaṃpuṭaiḥ || 27 ||

caityaiḥ śvetaiḥ śmaśānādimaṇḍitādyaṣṭasiddhibhiḥ  |
tatra madhye sthito ḍāko yoginībhir jagaddhite || 28 ||

.... (lacuna)

gaddhite ||

yac chmaśānavidhiṃ kṛtvā svātmano hitahetave |
puṇyaṃ prāptaṃ mayādyaiva tena loko 'stu muktimān ||

śmaśānavidhiḥ samāptaḥ. kṛtir iyaṃ lūyīpādānām.

#transcription

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